In our previous post about onsens, we gave some background information about onsens and sentōs and some recommendations of places to check out. But prior to going, it may be a good idea to be aware of the social expectations in place at onsens. That is, if you're unaware or if it is your first time going, it's beneficial to know the rules of going to an onsen for a more enjoyable experience and so that you're not caught in an uncomfortable position or you don't get in trouble by the staff or other patrons. As long as you follow the rules, onsens are really an amazing and totally relaxing experience! Oh and as a sidenote, please note that through the blog, onsen and sentō may be used interchangeably, as generally the rules apply for both facilities. 

Upon Entrance

People sometimes express discomfort due to not being aware of general policies and rules for onsens and sentōs especially the public ones. Usually, most of the public onsen places are divided by sex and/or gender, but there are also private onsens as well that can be reserved that aren't divided. A common concern for visitors are tattoos in an onsen facility. It is worth noting that there is a history of Japan not letting people with tattoos into many public facilities in general including bath facilities as traditionally tattoos were associated with being a member of the yakuza and/or with crime. There are still some places that adhere to a strict no tattoo policy, but there are now more places that are more lax with it, especially for tourists, as Japan is realizing tattoo culture is different in foreign countries than in Japan and they would like to encourage foreign visitors. Sometimes, just covering the tattoos are enough to get in, or people can reserve a private onsen. It really depends upon the facility, but because at onsens, you are expected to bare all, if the tattoo is offensive or large, you may be denied entry altogether irregardless of whether they are lax with the rule. It is best to ask prior to going, or read other people's experiences at the facility, if you're unsure whether you'll be allowed entry or not. Try asking "Sumimasen, tattuu ga arundesukedo, daijyoubudesuka?" (Excuse me, I have a tattoo but is it ok?) or "Tattuu OK desuka? Chisai/Ooki desuga..."(Are tattoos ok, it is small/big...)

Upon entry of the actual bathing area, visitors are given a locker to change out of their clothes and put their stuff away. Stealing really isn't an issue like it is in some other countries, but keys are provided for the lockers nonetheless, and can usually be worn around your wrist. The locker rooms are clean and not like a gym locker room, so don't worry about removing footwear in the rooms as well. We know it may be daunting to undress in front of many strangers, but this is common practice in Japan, and is not considered strange. Judgements are usually not made as people are usually relieved to find, and after the first time, most people become comfortable with the practice. Chances are you'll get used to it and find no one even blinks as this is a common, totally normal experience for most people there.

Cleanliness

Generally almost all of onsen and sentō etiquette and rules revolve around cleanliness. Usually with these onsens and sentō areas, especially the public indoor ones, cleanliness is of the upmost importance for many reasons, including courtesy of others and creating a sterile environment. Because of this, clothing including bathing suits and sometimes even towels are not allowed in the bathwater as they are thought of to bring contaminants. Small towels may be provided and allowed into the baths, but it may not touch the water. Most people hold it to wipe their face or place it over their head. Sometimes at sentō facilities, as the water is not free-flowing, chlorine may be added into the water. Care is taken to make sure things are kept clean, and it's important to also help maintain the area for others as a patron of the onsen facility.

Showering/Washing

Once inside the bathing area, there are usually a series of shower areas that are lined up. Because the bath water is shared, much like a hot tub, Japanese people emphasize being clean before entering the water. People are expected to wash themselves thoroughly before entering the actual baths, and shampoo and conditioner are usually provided. However, guests can use their own supplies should they prefer. This practice of washing up before bathing is even true within the household, as often the bathwater is shared among family members. It is almost unheard of to wash up in the bathtub or even go into the bathtub without washing up, as that is seen as sitting in your own dirt. Showers are done prior to relaxing in the bathtub, and the practice is carried out at onsens and sentōs. Rinsing must be thorough, however, or you''ll have people who are highly upset if you get soap into the actual baths. Furthermore, even washed hair is encouraged to keep out of the water as well, so it is courteous if the hair is kept up when entering the bath. Once you're finished at the showering station, the provided stool and area should be rinsed off to keep the area clean. Many people also rinse off prior to entering the sauna as well, so this is important to keep in mind as well.

Noise

Generally, people go to the onsens and sentōs to relax, so noise level should be kept to a minimum at the facilities. People tend to talk amongst each other or with other patrons so talking is allowed, and strangers may even spark up conversation with you as well. However generally there is no music playing, and nobody yells or talks very loudly in the public onsens, so the noise level should be kept to a respectable level. This is especially good to keep in mind if you decide to go with a big group of friends. Other than that, there aren't any strict rules regarding noise, so the best thing to do is gauge the atmosphere and environment of the onsen or sentō. Just no canonballing into the baths please!

Food/Drinks

Food and drinks are not allowed in the onsen facilities, but there are usually beverages for sale outside of the locker rooms or there are vending machines available. Just as a side note: The vending machines in Japan often provide way more variety than you'd see hear in the United States, and in my personal opinion, the drinks are far superior. They usually have variety, and are not solely loaded with sugary sodas.

As tempting as it may be to relax in an onsen with a cold drink in hand, this isn't allowed so please do not bring any drinks in, even water. Private onsens in your ryokan room is an option if you want to be able to enjoy a drink while bathing. However, do remember to stay hydrated! Staying too long in the hot bathwater may cause lightheadedness, so drinking plenty of water is important. You can enjoy beverages in most locker rooms.

Onsens can be a totally new experience for many foreigners. The idea of sharing a bath with total strangers may sound scary, but is total common practice in Japan. Going into onsens and sentōs can be a truly unique and relaxing experience, and is a great way to immerse yourself in the culture of Japan. We hope you enjoyed our two-part feature on onsens!
(Read part 1 from here to learn about the general background of onsen and sentōs in Japan.)